NLP Lineage

11 December 2024 · Multimodality

Gemini 2.0

Gemini 2.0

Google DeepMind

Date
11 December 2024
What the date marks
Announcement
Kind
Model
Organisation
Google DeepMind
Access
API only
Threads
In the guided tour
Chapter 14. Where the threads meet now
Learning phases
3. API usage and prompting

A milestone: 1 later milestone descends directly from it, and its descendants reach 4 of the 10 threads. How levels are decided

Read the primary source (blog.google)

Full summary in progress. Until then, this page shows the milestone's record from the research data.

What it changed

Before it

Multimodal models took images and audio in, and emitted text.

The problem

Agents need models that also act, natively call tools and produce other modalities.

What it introduced

A model built for the agentic era, with native tool use, multimodal output and experimental thinking modes.

Why it matters

It marked Google's reorientation from chat assistant to agent platform.

What modern models inherit

Native tool use as a model capability rather than a wrapper.

What came next

Gemini 2.5's thinking models, then Gemini 3.

Before and after

The milestones it descends from, and the milestones that descend from it. Work developed alongside it is not counted. Weak links are left out unless you include them.

Before: where it came from

Gemini 2.0 has 34 documented ancestors across 8 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing its direct parents and the 13 turning points among them.

Gemini 2.0 has 34 documented ancestors across 8 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing all of them.

Gemini 2.0 has 65 recorded ancestors, including indirect ones, across 12 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing its direct parents and the 19 turning points among them.

Gemini 2.0 has 65 recorded ancestors, including indirect ones, across 12 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing all of them.

  1. 2024Gemini 2.0This milestone.
  2. 2024Gemini 1.5Gemini 2.0 built directly on thisChapter 10. Reading more than you remember
  3. 2023Gemini 1.0Gemini 1.5 built directly on thisChapter 11. Seeing and hearing
  4. 2022PaLMGemini 1.0 succeeded thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  5. 2022Chain of thought Turning pointPaLM was influenced by thisChapter 12. Thinking longer
  6. 2020Vision TransformerGemini 1.0 was influenced by thisChapter 11. Seeing and hearing
  7. 2020GShard Turning pointGemini 1.5 was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  8. 2020GPT-3 Turning pointChain of thought was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  9. 2020Scaling laws Turning pointGPT-3 was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  10. 2019Sparse Transformer Turning pointGPT-3 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  11. 2019GPT-2 Turning pointGPT-3 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  12. 2019WebTextGPT-2 was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  13. 2018BERT Turning pointVision Transformer was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  14. 2018GPT-1BERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  15. 2018ELMoBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  16. 2018ULMFiTBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  17. 2017CoVeELMo was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  18. 2017Transformer Turning pointVision Transformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  19. 2017Sparse MoE Turning pointGShard built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  20. 2016Layer normTransformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  21. 2015Residual connectionsTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  22. 2015LM pretraining Turning pointBERT was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  23. 2015BPE tokenizationGPT-2 built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  24. 2015Luong attentionTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  25. 2014AdamTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  26. 2014GloVeELMo built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  27. 2014Seq2seq Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  28. 2014Attention Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  29. 2014GRU / encoder-decoderAttention built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  30. 2013word2vecELMo was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  31. 2011NLP from scratchELMo was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  32. 2003Neural LMNLP from scratch was influenced by this
    word2vec was influenced by this    Chapter 1. Language as probability
  33. 1997LSTM Turning pointSparse MoE built directly on thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  34. 1991Mixture of expertsSparse MoE built directly on thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  35. 1990Recurrent networksLSTM was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  1. 2024Gemini 2.0This milestone.
  2. 2024Computer useGemini 2.0 was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 13. Models that act
  3. 2024Claude 3.5 SonnetComputer use built directly on thisChapter 14. Where the threads meet now
  4. 2024Claude 3Claude 3.5 Sonnet built directly on thisChapter 14. Where the threads meet now
  5. 2024Gemini 1.5Gemini 2.0 built directly on thisChapter 10. Reading more than you remember
  6. 2023Gemini 1.0Gemini 1.5 built directly on thisChapter 11. Seeing and hearing
  7. 2023GPT-4VComputer use was influenced by thisChapter 11. Seeing and hearing
  8. 2023Lost in the middleGemini 1.5 was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 10. Reading more than you remember
  9. 2023Function callingComputer use was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 13. Models that act
  10. 2023100K contextLost in the middle was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 10. Reading more than you remember
  11. 2023GPT-4 Turning pointGPT-4V built directly on thisChapter 7. The assistant goes public
  12. 2023Claude100K context built directly on this
    Claude 3 built directly on this    Chapter 7. The assistant goes public
  13. 2023ToolformerFunction calling was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 13. Models that act
  14. 2022Constitutional AIClaude 3 built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  15. 2022GPT-3.5 Turning pointGPT-4 succeeded thisChapter 7. The assistant goes public
  16. 2022ReActFunction calling was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 13. Models that act
  17. 2022HH-RLHFConstitutional AI built directly on this
    Claude was influenced by this    Chapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  18. 2022PaLMGemini 1.0 succeeded thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  19. 2022InstructGPT Turning pointGPT-4 built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  20. 2022Chain of thought Turning pointPaLM was influenced by this
    ReAct built directly on this    Chapter 12. Thinking longer
  21. 2021WebGPTReAct was influenced by this
    Toolformer was influenced by this    Chapter 13. Models that act
  22. 2021HHH assistantHH-RLHF built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  23. 2021FLANInstructGPT was influenced by thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  24. 2021CLIPGPT-4V was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 11. Seeing and hearing
  25. 2020Vision TransformerGemini 1.0 was influenced by thisChapter 11. Seeing and hearing
  26. 2020RLHF for summarisation Turning pointInstructGPT built directly on this
    WebGPT built directly on this    Chapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  27. 2020GShard Turning pointGemini 1.5 was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  28. 2020GPT-3 Turning pointToolformer built directly on thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  29. 2020RAGLost in the middle was influenced by thisChapter 10. Reading more than you remember
  30. 2020Dense retrievalRAG built directly on thisChapter 10. Reading more than you remember
  31. 2020Scaling laws Turning pointGPT-4 built directly on thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  32. 2019BARTRAG built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  33. 2019T5 Turning pointFLAN was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  34. 2019C4 Turning pointT5 was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  35. 2019RLHF for LMsRLHF for summarisation built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  36. 2019Sparse Transformer Turning pointGPT-3 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  37. 2019GPT-2 Turning pointCLIP built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  38. 2019WebTextGPT-2 was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  39. 2019Transformer-XLSparse Transformer was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  40. 2018BERT Turning pointVision Transformer was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  41. 2018SentencePieceT5 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  42. 2018GPT-1BERT was influenced by this
    GPT-2 built directly on this    Chapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  43. 2018ELMoBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  44. 2018ULMFiTBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  45. 2017CoVeELMo was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  46. 2017Transformer Turning pointVision Transformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  47. 2017RLHF originConstitutional AI was influenced by thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  48. 2017ConvS2STransformer was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  49. 2017FAISSRAG was influenced by thisChapter 10. Reading more than you remember
  50. 2017Sparse MoE Turning pointGShard built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  51. 2016Layer normTransformer built directly on this
    GPT-2 built directly on this    Chapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  52. 2015Residual connectionsTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  53. 2015LM pretraining Turning pointBERT was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  54. 2015BPE tokenizationGPT-2 built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  55. 2015Luong attentionTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  56. 2014AdamTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  57. 2014GloVeELMo built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  58. 2014Seq2seq Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  59. 2014Attention Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  60. 2014GRU / encoder-decoderAttention built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  61. 2013word2vecELMo was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  62. 2011NLP from scratchELMo was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  63. 2003Neural LMNLP from scratch was influenced by this
    word2vec was influenced by this    Chapter 1. Language as probability
  64. 1997LSTM Turning pointSparse MoE built directly on thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  65. 1991Mixture of expertsSparse MoE built directly on thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  66. 1990Recurrent networksLSTM was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability

After: what it led to

Gemini 2.0 has 6 documented descendants across 2 chapters, reaching forward to Gemini 3.1 in 2026. Showing its direct descendants.

Gemini 2.0 has 6 documented descendants across 2 chapters, reaching forward to Gemini 3.1 in 2026. Showing all of them.

Gemini 2.0 has 6 recorded descendants, including indirect ones, across 2 chapters, reaching forward to Gemini 3.1 in 2026. Showing its direct descendants.

Gemini 2.0 has 6 recorded descendants, including indirect ones, across 2 chapters, reaching forward to Gemini 3.1 in 2026. Showing all of them.

  1. 2024Gemini 2.0This milestone.
  2. 2025Gemini 2.5built directly on Gemini 2.0Chapter 12. Thinking longer
  3. 2025IMO goldbuilt directly on Gemini 2.5Chapter 12. Thinking longer
  4. 2025IMO-ProofBenchwas influenced by IMO goldChapter 12. Thinking longer
  5. 2025Gemini 3built directly on Gemini 2.5Chapter 14. Where the threads meet now
  6. 2026Gemini 3 Deep Thinkbuilt directly on Gemini 3
    was influenced by IMO gold    Chapter 12. Thinking longer
  7. 2026Gemini 3.1built directly on Gemini 3Chapter 14. Where the threads meet now
  1. 2024Gemini 2.0This milestone.
  2. 2025Gemini 2.5built directly on Gemini 2.0Chapter 12. Thinking longer
  3. 2025IMO goldbuilt directly on Gemini 2.5Chapter 12. Thinking longer
  4. 2025IMO-ProofBenchwas influenced by IMO goldChapter 12. Thinking longer
  5. 2025Gemini 3built directly on Gemini 2.5Chapter 14. Where the threads meet now
  6. 2026Gemini 3 Deep Thinkbuilt directly on Gemini 3
    was influenced by IMO gold    Chapter 12. Thinking longer
  7. 2026Gemini 3.1built directly on Gemini 3Chapter 14. Where the threads meet now

Direct links and their sources

Where it came from

Built directly on

Influenced by

What it led to

Built on directly by