NLP Lineage

15 February 2024 · Scale and data

Gemini 1.5

Gemini 1.5

Google DeepMind

Date
15 February 2024
What the date marks
Announcement
Kind
Model
Organisation
Google DeepMind
Access
API only
Other dates
report arXiv 2403.05530
Threads
In the guided tour
Chapter 10. Reading more than you remember
Learning phases
3. API usage and prompting; 4. Embeddings and RAG

A milestone: 3 later milestones descend directly from it, and its descendants reach 4 of the 10 threads. How levels are decided

Read the primary source (arxiv.org)

Full summary in progress. Until then, this page shows the milestone's record from the research data.

What it changed

Before it

Long context in production meant 100K to 200K tokens.

The problem

Codebases, film and long archives still did not fit, so everything needed chunking.

What it introduced

A sparse MoE model with a one-million-token context, retrieving accurately across the whole window.

Why it matters

It changed what people thought context length could be, and reopened the retrieval-versus-context argument.

What modern models inherit

Million-token context as an available option.

What came next

Gemini 2.0 and 2.5; long context became a standard competitive axis.

Before and after

The milestones it descends from, and the milestones that descend from it. Work developed alongside it is not counted. Weak links are left out unless you include them.

Before: where it came from

Gemini 1.5 has 33 documented ancestors across 7 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing its direct parents and the 13 turning points among them.

Gemini 1.5 has 33 documented ancestors across 7 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing all of them.

Gemini 1.5 has 48 recorded ancestors, including indirect ones, across 10 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing its direct parents and the 14 turning points among them.

Gemini 1.5 has 48 recorded ancestors, including indirect ones, across 10 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing all of them.

  1. 2024Gemini 1.5This milestone.
  2. 2023Gemini 1.0Gemini 1.5 built directly on thisChapter 11. Seeing and hearing
  3. 2022PaLMGemini 1.0 succeeded thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  4. 2022Chain of thought Turning pointPaLM was influenced by thisChapter 12. Thinking longer
  5. 2020Vision TransformerGemini 1.0 was influenced by thisChapter 11. Seeing and hearing
  6. 2020GShard Turning pointGemini 1.5 was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  7. 2020GPT-3 Turning pointChain of thought was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  8. 2020Scaling laws Turning pointGPT-3 was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  9. 2019Sparse Transformer Turning pointGPT-3 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  10. 2019GPT-2 Turning pointGPT-3 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  11. 2019WebTextGPT-2 was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  12. 2018BERT Turning pointVision Transformer was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  13. 2018GPT-1BERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  14. 2018ELMoBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  15. 2018ULMFiTBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  16. 2017CoVeELMo was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  17. 2017Transformer Turning pointVision Transformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  18. 2017Sparse MoE Turning pointGShard built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  19. 2016Layer normTransformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  20. 2015Residual connectionsTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  21. 2015LM pretraining Turning pointBERT was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  22. 2015BPE tokenizationGPT-2 built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  23. 2015Luong attentionTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  24. 2014AdamTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  25. 2014GloVeELMo built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  26. 2014Seq2seq Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  27. 2014Attention Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  28. 2014GRU / encoder-decoderAttention built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  29. 2013word2vecELMo was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  30. 2011NLP from scratchELMo was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  31. 2003Neural LMNLP from scratch was influenced by this
    word2vec was influenced by this    Chapter 1. Language as probability
  32. 1997LSTM Turning pointSparse MoE built directly on thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  33. 1991Mixture of expertsSparse MoE built directly on thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  34. 1990Recurrent networksLSTM was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  1. 2024Gemini 1.5This milestone.
  2. 2023Gemini 1.0Gemini 1.5 built directly on thisChapter 11. Seeing and hearing
  3. 2023Lost in the middleGemini 1.5 was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 10. Reading more than you remember
  4. 2023100K contextLost in the middle was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 10. Reading more than you remember
  5. 2023Claude100K context built directly on thisChapter 7. The assistant goes public
  6. 2022Constitutional AIClaude built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  7. 2022HH-RLHFClaude was influenced by thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  8. 2022PaLMGemini 1.0 succeeded thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  9. 2022Chain of thought Turning pointPaLM was influenced by thisChapter 12. Thinking longer
  10. 2021HHH assistantHH-RLHF built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  11. 2020Vision TransformerGemini 1.0 was influenced by thisChapter 11. Seeing and hearing
  12. 2020RLHF for summarisation Turning pointHH-RLHF built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  13. 2020GShard Turning pointGemini 1.5 was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  14. 2020GPT-3 Turning pointChain of thought was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  15. 2020RAGLost in the middle was influenced by thisChapter 10. Reading more than you remember
  16. 2020Dense retrievalRAG built directly on thisChapter 10. Reading more than you remember
  17. 2020Scaling laws Turning pointGPT-3 was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  18. 2019BARTRAG built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  19. 2019RLHF for LMsRLHF for summarisation built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  20. 2019Sparse Transformer Turning pointGPT-3 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  21. 2019GPT-2 Turning pointGPT-3 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  22. 2019WebTextGPT-2 was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  23. 2019Transformer-XLSparse Transformer was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  24. 2018BERT Turning pointVision Transformer was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  25. 2018GPT-1BERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  26. 2018ELMoBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  27. 2018ULMFiTBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  28. 2017CoVeELMo was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  29. 2017Transformer Turning pointVision Transformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  30. 2017RLHF originConstitutional AI was influenced by thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  31. 2017ConvS2STransformer was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  32. 2017FAISSRAG was influenced by thisChapter 10. Reading more than you remember
  33. 2017Sparse MoE Turning pointGShard built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  34. 2016Layer normTransformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  35. 2015Residual connectionsTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  36. 2015LM pretraining Turning pointBERT was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  37. 2015BPE tokenizationGPT-2 built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  38. 2015Luong attentionTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  39. 2014AdamTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  40. 2014GloVeELMo built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  41. 2014Seq2seq Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  42. 2014Attention Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  43. 2014GRU / encoder-decoderAttention built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  44. 2013word2vecELMo was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  45. 2011NLP from scratchELMo was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  46. 2003Neural LMNLP from scratch was influenced by this
    word2vec was influenced by this    Chapter 1. Language as probability
  47. 1997LSTM Turning pointSparse MoE built directly on thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  48. 1991Mixture of expertsSparse MoE built directly on thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  49. 1990Recurrent networksLSTM was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability

After: what it led to

Gemini 1.5 has 7 documented descendants across 2 chapters, reaching forward to Gemini 3.1 in 2026. Showing its direct descendants.

Gemini 1.5 has 7 documented descendants across 2 chapters, reaching forward to Gemini 3.1 in 2026. Showing all of them.

Gemini 1.5 has 7 recorded descendants, including indirect ones, across 2 chapters, reaching forward to Gemini 3.1 in 2026. Showing its direct descendants.

Gemini 1.5 has 7 recorded descendants, including indirect ones, across 2 chapters, reaching forward to Gemini 3.1 in 2026. Showing all of them.

  1. 2024Gemini 1.5This milestone.
  2. 2024Gemini 2.0built directly on Gemini 1.5Chapter 14. Where the threads meet now
  3. 2025Gemini 2.5was influenced by Gemini 1.5Chapter 12. Thinking longer
  4. 2025IMO goldbuilt directly on Gemini 2.5Chapter 12. Thinking longer
  5. 2025IMO-ProofBenchwas influenced by IMO goldChapter 12. Thinking longer
  6. 2025Gemini 3was influenced by Gemini 1.5Chapter 14. Where the threads meet now
  7. 2026Gemini 3 Deep Thinkbuilt directly on Gemini 3Chapter 12. Thinking longer
  8. 2026Gemini 3.1built directly on Gemini 3Chapter 14. Where the threads meet now
  1. 2024Gemini 1.5This milestone.
  2. 2024Gemini 2.0built directly on Gemini 1.5Chapter 14. Where the threads meet now
  3. 2025Gemini 2.5was influenced by Gemini 1.5Chapter 12. Thinking longer
  4. 2025IMO goldbuilt directly on Gemini 2.5Chapter 12. Thinking longer
  5. 2025IMO-ProofBenchwas influenced by IMO goldChapter 12. Thinking longer
  6. 2025Gemini 3was influenced by Gemini 1.5Chapter 14. Where the threads meet now
  7. 2026Gemini 3 Deep Thinkbuilt directly on Gemini 3Chapter 12. Thinking longer
  8. 2026Gemini 3.1built directly on Gemini 3Chapter 14. Where the threads meet now

Direct links and their sources

Where it came from

Built directly on

Influenced by

Developed alongside

What it led to

Built on directly by

Influenced