NLP Lineage

20 June 2023 · Language modelling

phi-1

Textbooks Are All You Need

S. Gunasekar, Y. Zhang, J. Aneja, et al. (18 authors)

Date
20 June 2023
What the date marks
arXiv submission
Kind
Model
Organisation
Microsoft Research
Access
MIT
Threads
In the guided tour
Chapter 8. The weights get out
Learning phases
8. Training from scratch

A milestone: 2 later milestones descend directly from it, and its descendants reach 2 of the 10 threads. How levels are decided

Read the primary source (arxiv.org)

Full summary in progress. Until then, this page shows the milestone's record from the research data.

What it changed

Before it

Capability was assumed to track parameters and raw token count.

The problem

Web text is repetitive and much of it teaches the model very little.

What it introduced

Train a 1.3B model on a small corpus of textbook-quality and synthetic data, and beat far larger models at code.

Why it matters

It made data quality a first-class scaling variable and legitimised synthetic pretraining data.

What modern models inherit

Curated and synthetic data as a substitute for raw scale.

What came next

The phi series, and synthetic data pipelines across the industry.

Before and after

The milestones it descends from, and the milestones that descend from it. Work developed alongside it is not counted. Weak links are left out unless you include them.

Before: where it came from

phi-1 has 35 documented ancestors across 7 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing its direct parents and the 15 turning points among them.

phi-1 has 35 documented ancestors across 7 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing all of them.

phi-1 has 38 recorded ancestors, including indirect ones, across 7 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing its direct parents and the 15 turning points among them.

phi-1 has 38 recorded ancestors, including indirect ones, across 7 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing all of them.

  1. 2023phi-1This milestone.
  2. 2022GPT-3.5 Turning pointphi-1 was influenced by thisChapter 7. The assistant goes public
  3. 2022InstructGPT Turning pointGPT-3.5 built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  4. 2021FLANInstructGPT was influenced by thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  5. 2020RLHF for summarisation Turning pointInstructGPT built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  6. 2020GPT-3 Turning pointGPT-3.5 built directly on thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  7. 2020Scaling laws Turning pointGPT-3 was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  8. 2019T5 Turning pointFLAN was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  9. 2019C4 Turning pointT5 was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  10. 2019RLHF for LMsRLHF for summarisation built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  11. 2019Sparse Transformer Turning pointGPT-3 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  12. 2019GPT-2 Turning pointGPT-3 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  13. 2019WebTextGPT-2 was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  14. 2018BERT Turning pointT5 was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  15. 2018SentencePieceT5 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  16. 2018GPT-1GPT-2 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  17. 2018ELMoBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  18. 2018ULMFiTBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  19. 2017CoVeELMo was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  20. 2017RLHF originRLHF for summarisation built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  21. 2017Transformer Turning pointGPT-2 built directly on this
    Sparse Transformer built directly on this
    Scaling laws built directly on this    Chapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  22. 2016Layer normGPT-2 built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  23. 2015Residual connectionsTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  24. 2015LM pretraining Turning pointGPT-1 was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  25. 2015BPE tokenizationGPT-2 built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  26. 2015Luong attentionTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  27. 2014AdamTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  28. 2014GloVeELMo built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  29. 2014Seq2seq Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  30. 2014Attention Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  31. 2014GRU / encoder-decoderAttention built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  32. 2013word2vecELMo was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  33. 2011NLP from scratchELMo was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  34. 2003Neural LMNLP from scratch was influenced by this
    word2vec was influenced by this    Chapter 1. Language as probability
  35. 1997LSTM Turning pointSeq2seq built directly on thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  36. 1990Recurrent networksLSTM was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  1. 2023phi-1This milestone.
  2. 2022Self-Instructphi-1 was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  3. 2022GPT-3.5 Turning pointphi-1 was influenced by thisChapter 7. The assistant goes public
  4. 2022InstructGPT Turning pointGPT-3.5 built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  5. 2021FLANSelf-Instruct was influenced by thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  6. 2020RLHF for summarisation Turning pointInstructGPT built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  7. 2020GPT-3 Turning pointGPT-3.5 built directly on this
    Self-Instruct built directly on this    Chapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  8. 2020Scaling laws Turning pointGPT-3 was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  9. 2019T5 Turning pointFLAN was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  10. 2019C4 Turning pointT5 was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  11. 2019RLHF for LMsRLHF for summarisation built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  12. 2019Sparse Transformer Turning pointGPT-3 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  13. 2019GPT-2 Turning pointGPT-3 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  14. 2019WebTextGPT-2 was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  15. 2019Transformer-XLSparse Transformer was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  16. 2018BERT Turning pointT5 was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  17. 2018SentencePieceT5 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  18. 2018GPT-1GPT-2 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  19. 2018ELMoBERT was influenced by this
    GPT-1 was influenced by this (indirect influence)    Chapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  20. 2018ULMFiTBERT was influenced by this
    GPT-1 was influenced by this (indirect influence)    Chapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  21. 2017CoVeELMo was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  22. 2017Transformer Turning pointGPT-2 built directly on this
    Sparse Transformer built directly on this
    T5 built directly on this    Chapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  23. 2017RLHF originRLHF for summarisation built directly on thisChapter 6. Teaching models what people want
  24. 2017ConvS2STransformer was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  25. 2016Layer normGPT-2 built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  26. 2015Residual connectionsTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  27. 2015LM pretraining Turning pointBERT was influenced by this
    GPT-1 was influenced by this    Chapter 2. Words become vectors
  28. 2015BPE tokenizationGPT-2 built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  29. 2015Luong attentionTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  30. 2014AdamTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  31. 2014GloVeELMo built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  32. 2014Seq2seq Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  33. 2014Attention Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  34. 2014GRU / encoder-decoderAttention built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  35. 2013word2vecELMo was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  36. 2011NLP from scratchELMo was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  37. 2003Neural LMNLP from scratch was influenced by this
    word2vec was influenced by this    Chapter 1. Language as probability
  38. 1997LSTM Turning pointSeq2seq built directly on this
    ELMo built directly on this    Chapter 1. Language as probability
  39. 1990Recurrent networksLSTM was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability

After: what it led to

phi-1 has 2 documented descendants across 1 chapter, reaching forward to FineWeb in 2024. Showing all of them.

phi-1 has 2 documented descendants across 1 chapter, reaching forward to FineWeb in 2024. Showing all of them.

phi-1 has 2 recorded descendants, including indirect ones, across 1 chapter, reaching forward to FineWeb in 2024. Showing all of them.

phi-1 has 2 recorded descendants, including indirect ones, across 1 chapter, reaching forward to FineWeb in 2024. Showing all of them.

  1. 2023phi-1This milestone.
  2. 2024Phi-3built directly on phi-1Chapter 8. The weights get out
  3. 2024FineWebwas influenced by phi-1Chapter 8. The weights get out
  1. 2023phi-1This milestone.
  2. 2024Phi-3built directly on phi-1Chapter 8. The weights get out
  3. 2024FineWebwas influenced by phi-1Chapter 8. The weights get out

Direct links and their sources

Where it came from

Influenced by

What it led to

Built on directly by

Influenced