NLP Lineage

2 May 2022 · Scale and data

OPT-175B

OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models

S. Zhang, S. Roller, N. Goyal, et al. (19 authors)

Date
2 May 2022
What the date marks
arXiv submission
Kind
Model
Organisation
Meta AI
Access
non-commercial research
Other dates
weights 2022-05-03, non-commercial
Threads
In the guided tour
Chapter 8. The weights get out
Learning phases
6. Local models and deployment; 8. Training from scratch

A milestone: 1 later milestone descends directly from it, and its descendants reach 2 of the 10 threads. How levels are decided

Read the primary source (arxiv.org)

Full summary in progress. Until then, this page shows the milestone's record from the research data.

What it changed

Before it

GPT-3-scale models existed only behind APIs, with no access to weights.

The problem

You cannot study a model's internals, biases or failure modes through an API.

What it introduced

A 175B model released to researchers, with the full training logbook including the failures.

Why it matters

The first at-scale open replication, and the logbook taught the community what large training runs actually feel like.

What modern models inherit

The norm of releasing weights and documenting the process.

What came next

BLOOM, then LLaMA, then the open ecosystem proper.

Before and after

The milestones it descends from, and the milestones that descend from it. Work developed alongside it is not counted. Weak links are left out unless you include them.

Before: where it came from

OPT-175B has 30 documented ancestors across 6 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing its direct parents and the 11 turning points among them.

OPT-175B has 30 documented ancestors across 6 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing all of them.

OPT-175B has 32 recorded ancestors, including indirect ones, across 6 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing its direct parents and the 11 turning points among them.

OPT-175B has 32 recorded ancestors, including indirect ones, across 6 chapters, reaching back to Recurrent networks in 1990. Showing all of them.

  1. 2022OPT-175BThis milestone.
  2. 2020The PileOPT-175B built directly on thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  3. 2020GPT-3 Turning pointOPT-175B built directly on thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  4. 2020Scaling laws Turning pointGPT-3 was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  5. 2019C4 Turning pointThe Pile was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  6. 2019Megatron-LMOPT-175B was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  7. 2019Sparse Transformer Turning pointGPT-3 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  8. 2019GPT-2 Turning pointMegatron-LM was influenced by this
    GPT-3 built directly on this    Chapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  9. 2019WebTextGPT-2 was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  10. 2018BERT Turning pointMegatron-LM was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  11. 2018GPT-1BERT was influenced by this
    GPT-2 built directly on this    Chapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  12. 2018ELMoBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  13. 2018ULMFiTBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  14. 2017Mixed precisionMegatron-LM was influenced by thisChapter 9. Making it run anywhere
  15. 2017CoVeELMo was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  16. 2017Transformer Turning pointMegatron-LM built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  17. 2016Layer normTransformer built directly on this
    GPT-2 built directly on this    Chapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  18. 2015Residual connectionsTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  19. 2015LM pretraining Turning pointBERT was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  20. 2015BPE tokenizationGPT-2 built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  21. 2015Luong attentionTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  22. 2014AdamTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  23. 2014GloVeELMo built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  24. 2014Seq2seq Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  25. 2014Attention Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  26. 2014GRU / encoder-decoderAttention built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  27. 2013word2vecELMo was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  28. 2011NLP from scratchELMo was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  29. 2003Neural LMNLP from scratch was influenced by this
    word2vec was influenced by this    Chapter 1. Language as probability
  30. 1997LSTM Turning pointSeq2seq built directly on this
    ELMo built directly on this    Chapter 1. Language as probability
  31. 1990Recurrent networksLSTM was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  1. 2022OPT-175BThis milestone.
  2. 2020The PileOPT-175B built directly on thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  3. 2020GPT-3 Turning pointOPT-175B built directly on thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  4. 2020Scaling laws Turning pointGPT-3 was influenced by thisChapter 5. Scale becomes a science
  5. 2019C4 Turning pointThe Pile was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  6. 2019Megatron-LMOPT-175B was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  7. 2019Sparse Transformer Turning pointGPT-3 built directly on thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  8. 2019GPT-2 Turning pointMegatron-LM was influenced by this
    GPT-3 built directly on this    Chapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  9. 2019WebTextGPT-2 was influenced by this
    C4 was influenced by this (indirect influence)    Chapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  10. 2019Transformer-XLSparse Transformer was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  11. 2018BERT Turning pointMegatron-LM was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  12. 2018GPT-1BERT was influenced by this
    GPT-2 built directly on this    Chapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  13. 2018ELMoBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  14. 2018ULMFiTBERT was influenced by thisChapter 4. Pretrain once, use everywhere
  15. 2017Mixed precisionMegatron-LM was influenced by thisChapter 9. Making it run anywhere
  16. 2017CoVeELMo was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  17. 2017Transformer Turning pointMegatron-LM built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  18. 2017ConvS2STransformer was influenced by this (indirect influence)Chapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  19. 2016Layer normTransformer built directly on this
    GPT-2 built directly on this    Chapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  20. 2015Residual connectionsTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  21. 2015LM pretraining Turning pointBERT was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  22. 2015BPE tokenizationGPT-2 built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  23. 2015Luong attentionTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  24. 2014AdamTransformer was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  25. 2014GloVeELMo built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  26. 2014Seq2seq Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  27. 2014Attention Turning pointTransformer built directly on thisChapter 3. Attention, then only attention
  28. 2014GRU / encoder-decoderAttention built directly on thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  29. 2013word2vecELMo was influenced by thisChapter 2. Words become vectors
  30. 2011NLP from scratchELMo was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability
  31. 2003Neural LMNLP from scratch was influenced by this
    word2vec was influenced by this    Chapter 1. Language as probability
  32. 1997LSTM Turning pointSeq2seq built directly on this
    ELMo built directly on this    Chapter 1. Language as probability
  33. 1990Recurrent networksLSTM was influenced by thisChapter 1. Language as probability

After: what it led to

OPT-175B has 3 documented descendants across 1 chapter, reaching forward to QLoRA in 2023. Showing its direct descendants.

OPT-175B has 3 documented descendants across 1 chapter, reaching forward to QLoRA in 2023. Showing all of them.

OPT-175B has 4 recorded descendants, including indirect ones, across 1 chapter, reaching forward to QLoRA in 2023. Showing its direct descendants.

OPT-175B has 4 recorded descendants, including indirect ones, across 1 chapter, reaching forward to QLoRA in 2023. Showing all of them.

  1. 2022OPT-175BThis milestone.
  2. 2022LLM.int8()was influenced by OPT-175BChapter 9. Making it run anywhere
  3. 2022GPTQwas influenced by LLM.int8()Chapter 9. Making it run anywhere
  4. 2023QLoRAbuilt directly on LLM.int8()Chapter 9. Making it run anywhere
  1. 2022OPT-175BThis milestone.
  2. 2022LLM.int8()was influenced by OPT-175BChapter 9. Making it run anywhere
  3. 2022GPTQwas influenced by LLM.int8()Chapter 9. Making it run anywhere
  4. 2023llama.cppwas influenced by GPTQ (indirect influence)Chapter 9. Making it run anywhere
  5. 2023QLoRAbuilt directly on LLM.int8()Chapter 9. Making it run anywhere

Direct links and their sources

Where it came from

Built directly on

Influenced by

What it led to

Influenced

Developed alongside